FN2 Research

Markets, explained.

Cited, no-noise breakdowns of why stocks move — earnings reactions, macro shifts, and the data behind the headlines.

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IPOs · Market Structure · Liquidity · Semiconductors · Data Centers · Secondaries · Lockups

A Reopened IPO Window Meets a Market That No Longer Trades Like It Used To

SK hynix's $26.5 billion Nasdaq listing, the largest foreign IPO in US history, anchors a reopening IPO window. Meanwhile, Citadel Securities' 1H 2026 market-structure review documents how the market that absorbs these new shares has fundamentally changed — record passive flows, 0DTE dominance, leverage concentrated in semiconductors, and implied correlations at 15-year lows.

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Geopolitics · Oil · Energy · Federal Reserve · Iran · Strait of Hormuz · Ukraine · Inflation

Hormuz Blockade and Refinery Attrition Drive Oil Higher as Fed Hike Odds Surge

Brent crude jumped above $78 after the fifth US strike on Iran in six days and Trump's 20% cargo toll on Hormuz. With Ukrainian drones crippling 40% of Russian refining capacity at the same time, rate-hike odds for the July 29 Fed meeting leapt from 34% to 46.5%.

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IPO · Market Structure · SK hynix · Rivian · SEC · Reg NMS · Data Centers · Semiconductors

The IPO Window Is Wide Open — But the Plumbing Is Creaking

SK hynix's record $26.5 billion Nasdaq debut leads a packed July IPO calendar featuring data-center and nuclear-fuel names. Beneath the issuance revival, quarter-end equity funding costs spiked, Rivian's secondary exposed repricing risk, and the SEC proposed the biggest Reg NMS amendments in years.

Aerial drone view of a large cargo ship being loaded with shipping containers by cranes at a port.
Geopolitics · Oil · Shipping · Iran · Strait of Hormuz · Earnings Season · Federal Reserve · Defense

Iran's Hormuz Closure Threat Collides With Q2 Earnings Week

A renewed US-Iran escalation over the Strait of Hormuz has pushed Brent near $80, cut shipping traffic to a five-week low, and sent Nasdaq futures down nearly 1% just as Q2 earnings season begins. The interim ceasefire is fraying, and the shipping data is the tell.

A SpaceX rocket stands vertically on a launch pad overlooking the ocean under a clear sky.
IPOs · Market Structure · SpaceX · SK hynix · Index Inclusion · Passive Investing · Buybacks · Semiconductors

The Mega-IPO Era Is Rewiring Equity Market Structure

SpaceX's $75B IPO and SK hynix's $26.5B Nasdaq uplisting anchor a record issuance year that is rewriting index rules, lockup mechanics, and passive fund flows. The supply itself may not break the market — but the plumbing changes it triggers will reshape liquidity for years.

Drone shot of a cargo ship navigating through calm turquoise waters.
Geopolitics · Oil · Sanctions · Iran · Strait of Hormuz · Russia · China · Shipping

Three-Front Sanctions Escalation: Hormuz Collapses, Kuwait Platform Struck, 500% Tariffs Aimed at China and India

Hormuz tanker traffic has plunged from 130 daily transits to five as US-Iran strikes enter their third round in a week, a Kuwaiti offshore oil platform was hit by a hostile drone, and a White House-backed bill would impose 500% tariffs on China and India for buying Russian oil — three risk channels now merging into one.

Nighttime aerial view of a city skyline with illuminated skyscrapers reflecting on calm water.
IPO · Market Structure · Buybacks · Regulation NMS · Leverage · SK Hynix · Semiconductors

The IPO Window Is Wide Open, but the Plumbing Is Straining

Mid-2026 marks an inflection point for equity market structure: record IPO issuance, near-$1 trillion buybacks, mounting leverage strain, and the most significant regulatory overhaul in two decades are all converging at once.

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Geopolitics · Oil · Energy · Iran · Strait of Hormuz · Defense · Airlines · Safe Havens

Iran's Fourth Hormuz Closure Breaks the De-escalation Trade

Iran declared the Strait of Hormuz closed after the IRGC struck a container ship, triggering a third US strike round in seven days and retaliatory missile attacks on five Arab states. With tanker traffic collapsing and Goldman Sachs reviving its $100 Brent forecast, the Q2 de-escalation trade is breaking.

Close-up view of an electronic circuit board with visible components and connectors
IPOs · Market Structure · Semiconductors · AI Infrastructure · Secondary Offerings · Buybacks · ECM

The IPO Machine Shifts Into Higher Gear — But the Lockup Clock Is Ticking

US IPOs raised $155.8B across 194 deals in H1 2026, more than double 2025 even excluding SpaceX. SK hynix's $26.5B Nasdaq listing set a foreign-IPO record, Csquare targets $1.35B, and Anthropic and OpenAI are queued behind phased SpaceX lockup releases that could lift the floating supply from 4% to 40% by year-end.

Aerial view of a large cargo ship at a bustling port, illustrating the global maritime trade that the Strait of Hormuz disruption threatens.
Geopolitics · Oil · Energy · Iran · Strait of Hormuz · Defense · Russia · Sanctions

Iran's Fourth Hormuz Closure Meets Third US Strike Round — Oil's $4 Weekly Surge Tests the Ceasefire Framework

Iran shut the Strait of Hormuz for the fourth time since February after IRGC forces disabled a Cyprus-flagged container ship, drawing a third round of US strikes on 140 targets and Iranian ballistic missile attacks on American bases across five Arab states. Brent crude is up more than $4 on the week with tanker traffic at a near-standstill, while a bipartisan Senate bill backed by the White House threatens 500% tariffs on countries buying Russian oil — a second supply shock layer.

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IPOs · Market Structure · ECM · SK Hynix · SpaceX · Anthropic · OpenAI · AI Infrastructure

The IPO Machine Shifts Into Higher Gear: Can the Market Absorb What's Coming?

With 194 US IPOs raising $155.8B year-to-date, SK hynix's $26.5B Nasdaq uplisting, and phased SpaceX lockups about to release insider shares, the 2026 equity-issurance cycle is testing whether $1.5T in corporate buybacks can absorb a $200B+ supply wave.

A navy patrol boat cruising through open ocean waters.
Geopolitics · Oil · Iran · Strait of Hormuz · Market Risk · Earnings Season · CPI · Sanctions

Third US Strike on Iran, Hormuz Closed Again — and the S&P 500 Sits 0.6% From Its Record

The US launched its third round of strikes on Iran in a week after Revolutionary Guards closed the Strait of Hormuz, yet the S&P 500 closed Friday at 7,575.39 — just 0.6% below its all-time high. With CPI, bank earnings, and a 500% tariff bill on Russian oil buyers all arriving next week, markets are pricing in the geopolitical floor, not the ceiling.